SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>PackBot</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PackBot</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p><b>PackBot</b> is a series of <a href="Military_robot" title="Military robot">military robots</a> by Endeavor Robotics (previously by <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), an international robotics company founded in 2016, created from iRobot, that previously produced military robots since 1990. More than 2000 were used in <a href="Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also used to aid searching through the debris of the <a href="World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> after <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another instance of the PackBot technology being implemented was to the damaged <a href="Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima nuclear plant</a> after the <a href="2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a> where they were the first to assess the site.<sup id="cite_ref-nakata20120106_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakata20120106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2014, the <a href="U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> is refurbishing 224 iRobot 510 robots.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PackBot technology is also used in collaboration with NASA for their rovers and probes.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brief_history">Brief history</h2></div>

<ul><li>1998 – iRobot establishes a DARPA contract leading to the PackBot.</li>

<li>2001 – iRobot PackBot used to search World Trade Center ruins after the 9/11 attacks.</li>

<li>2002 – PackBot first deployed to aid United States Troops.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="iRobot_International_PackBot_orders">iRobot International PackBot orders</h2></div>

<p>February 2011 <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a> released confirmation of a deal totaling $4.4 million for the first quarter of 2011 for the manufacturing of 27 PackBot 510's and spare parts to accompany them.<sup id="cite_ref-pages=3409_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pages=3409-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the industrial division of <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a> accumulated $13.2 million in revenue for international orders for PackBot alone in more than 25 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-pages=3409_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pages=3409-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a> secured a deal with the <a href="Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Canadian Department of National Defense (DND)</a>. The contract was for the delivery of PackBot reconnaissance, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear systems. The contract was priced at $9.6 million and includes the training of military personnel to operate the equipment, as well as lifetime repairs and technical support.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PackBots have also been used in non-military operations. In 2014 the Brazilian government received an order of 30 PackBots. The robots were used for security purposes during the 2014 <a href="FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> and the deal totaled $7.2 million in order to police the twelve host cities during the soccer matches.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

To date, <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a> has delivered upwards of 5000 different robots including PackBots internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA_and_PackBots">NASA and PackBots</h2></div>

<p>The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) has a partnership with the company, iRobot. NASA's <a href="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) is a facility responsible for the development of robotic space-crafts as well as the <a href="NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these space-crafts are the rovers sent to the planet Mars. The rovers <i><a href="Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></i> and <i><a href="Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a></i> sent to Mars in 2003 are just two of the rovers managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Mars is not the only place employing iRobot technology. In 2011, Japan was rocked by a strong earthquake causing a meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear reactor. Two PackBot rovers were deployed into the ruins of the nuclear power plant to assess damage, where the radioactivity was at high enough levels to prohibit humans from exploring.

</p><p>The projects involving the cooperation of iRobot and NASA allowed the creation of high-tech machines. The much-needed physical structure of the robots was designed by iRobot, while the instruments and science equipment on board was provided by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_PackBot_510_variants">Current PackBot 510 variants</h2></div>

<p>PackBot 510 is the current base model. It uses a videogame-style <a href="Game_controller" title="Game controller">hand controller</a> to make it more familiar to young operators.

</p>

<ul><li>PackBot 510 with EOD <a href="Bomb_Disposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomb Disposal">Bomb Disposal</a> Kit designed for <a href="Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive device</a> identification and disposal.</li>

<li>PackBot 510 with Fast Tactical Maneuvering Kit designed for infantry troops tasked with <a href="Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive device</a> inspection. This is a lighter weight robot.</li>

<li>PackBot 510 with <a href="First_Responder" class="mw-redirect" title="First Responder">First Responder</a> Kit, designed to help <a href="SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> teams and other first responders with situational awareness.</li>

<li>PackBot 510 with HazMat Detection Kit collects air samples to detect chemical and radiological agents.</li>

<li>PackBot 510 with Fido utilizes the <a href="Fido_Explosives_Detector" class="mw-redirect" title="Fido Explosives Detector">Fido Explosives Detector</a> from ICx Technologies as a payload in order to "sniff" out explosive materials. With the Fido, the PackBot now has the capability of locating explosive devices and subsequently disarming them using onboard robotic capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>PackBot 510 with REDOWL Sniper Detection Kit utilizes the Acoustic Direction Finder from BioMimetic Systems to localize gunshots with azimuth, elevation, and range.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>RC2 – <a href="U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> version of the 510 PackBot with a longer and stronger arm, more cameras, communications variations, and better track propulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2></div>

<p>PackBot 510 has a maximum speed of 5.8 mph or 9.3 km/h, and weighs 31.6 lbs. or 14.3 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-endeavorrobotics.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endeavorrobotics.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The robot can traverse mud, rocks, stairs, and other surfaces due to its <a href="Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">caterpillar track</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-army-technology.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army-technology.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The robot also has zero radius turn capability, and can climb up to a 60 degree incline. The dual BB-2590/U Li-ion rechargeable batteries allow for the robot to have a run time of 4 to 8 hours. Adaptive Materials Inc. (AMI) has created a power pod battery capable of extending the life of the PackBot. The power pod weighs 6 kg(13 lbs) and allows for extension of battery life to reach 12 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can maneuver in up to 3 feet of water.<sup id="cite_ref-army-technology.com_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army-technology.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PackBot has more than 40 accessories, which are illustrated in PackBot 510 variants. Additionally, the robot can communicate up to 1000 meters or 3281 feet, and captures information through four cameras with night vision, zoom, and illumination capabilities that allow for real time image processing.<sup id="cite_ref-endeavorrobotics.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endeavorrobotics.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previous_variants">Previous variants</h2></div>

<ul><li><b>PackBot Scout</b> is the basic configuration. It has five payload bays for assignable purposes and can be dropped from a height of six feet (1.83m) onto concrete without being damaged. The Packbot scout version weighs about 40 pounds (18 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><b>PackBot Explorer</b> Carries an integrated payload which can be elevated to allow peeking over obstacles or cover. Payload has a <a href="Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> head equipped with multiple cameras, <a href="Laser_pointer" title="Laser pointer">laser pointers</a>, audio and other <a href="Sensor" title="Sensor">sensors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li>The Explorer variant, was used to explore the <a href="Debris" title="Debris">debris</a> of the World Trade Center after the attack on <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a> in search of victims and assessing the structural integrity of the debris by sending back images.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>

<li><b>PackBot EOD</b> (explosive-ordnance disposal) can be controlled by radio, or via a multimode Fibre Optic cable spool mounted on the robot. The Fibre Optic cable option is used in situations involving potential radio signal-triggered explosive devices, thereby reducing the risk of personal injury.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2></div>

<p>The main use of the Packbot in the field is <a href="Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IED</a> detection and defusing. The Packbot Scout was the first deployment of the Packbot and was sent to <a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> in 2002 to explore caves and bunkers.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model was the simplest Packbot which contained just a robotic arm and camera.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007 Packbots have been deployed to aid in the detection of sniper fire in the Middle East. Acoustic signatures detected by the robot allow ground troops to pinpoint sniper fire in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packbot has also been used to explore buildings and other possibly dangerous areas with the modified light Packbot Explorer, which only weighs 30 pounds and is faster than the Packbot 510.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a> sent two Packbot 510 robots to Japan after the tsunami and earthquake destroyed Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The robot was used on several reconnaissance missions at the power plant to remove debris and measure radiation readings.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Military_robot" title="Military robot">Military robot</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_Unmanned_Ground_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle">Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Foster-Miller_TALON" title="Foster-Miller TALON">Foster-Miller TALON</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_robot" title="Mobile robot">Mobile Robot</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701143048/http://endeavorrobotics.com/about-us">"Endeavor Robotics"</a>. <i>endeavorrobotics.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endeavorrobotics.com/about-us">the original</a> on 2019-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200410/http://www.roboticstrends.com/security_defense_robotics/article/irobot_delivers_3000th_packbot/">"iRobot Delivers 3,000th PackBot"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roboticstrends.com/security_defense_robotics/article/irobot_delivers_3000th_packbot/">the original</a> on July 24, 2011.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:02-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSutter" class="citation news cs1">Sutter, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/innovation/09/07/911.robots.disaster.response/index.html">"How 9/11 inspired a new era of robotics"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nakata20120106-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nakata20120106_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNakata,_Hiroko2012" class="citation news cs1">Nakata, Hiroko (2012-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120106f1.html">"Domestic robots failed to ride to rescue after No. 1 plant blew"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141115170248/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20141115/DEFREG02/311150033/US-Army-Works-Toward-Single-Ground-Robot?odyssey=mod_sectionstories">US Army Works Toward Single Ground Robot</a> – Defensenews.com, 15 November 2014</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pages=3409-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pages=3409_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pages=3409_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"iRobot Announces International PackBot Orders". <i>Technology Business Journal</i>: 3409. 22 February 2011. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-8398">1945-8398</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/news/newscanadian-dnd-orders-irobot-510-packbot-cbrn-robots-4368365">"Canadian DND orders iRobot 510 PackBot CBRN robots"</a>. <i>Army technology</i>. 2014-09-10.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMichaelMichael2014" class="citation journal cs1">Michael, Katina; Michael, M.G. (2014). "The Packbots Are Coming: Boosting security at the 2014 FIFA World Cup". <i>IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 59. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMCE.2014.2317914">10.1109/MCE.2014.2317914</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22007977">22007977</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about/">"About JPL"</a>. <i>www.jpl.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/robots20110426.html">"NASA – NASA Technology Looks Inside Japan's Nuclear Reactor"</a>. <i>www.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228172221/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2006/November/RDcommand.htm">"R&D command seeks better coordination of research"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2006/November/RDcommand.htm">the original</a> on 2007-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915093809/http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=314">"IRobot Corporation: RedOwl Sniper Detection Kit"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid%3D314">the original</a> on 2008-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/article/20140419/NEWS04/304190028/Marines-happily-recycle-Army-bots">Marines happily recycle Army bots</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602204105/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/article/20140419/NEWS04/304190028/Marines-happily-recycle-Army-bots">Archived</a> 2014-06-02 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – MarineCorpstimes.com, 19 April 2014</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-endeavorrobotics.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-endeavorrobotics.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-endeavorrobotics.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endeavorrobotics.com/media/docs/English%20Specs/Endeavor%20Robotics%20510%20PackBot%20Spec%20Sheet.pdf">"Endeavor Robotics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-army-technology.com-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-army-technology.com_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-army-technology.com_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/projects/irobot-510-packbot-multi-mission-robot/">"iRobot 510 PackBot Multi-Mission Robot, United States of America"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"AMI demos UGV power pod on i <i>Robot</i> Pack <i>Bot</i>". <i>Fuel Cells Bulletin</i>. <b>2009</b> (11): 4. 2009. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1464-2859%2809%2970350-5">10.1016/S1464-2859(09)70350-5</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161204144729/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/pacbot.htm">"PackBot Tactical Robot"</a>. <i>defense-update.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defense-update.com/products/p/pacbot.htm">the original</a> on 2016-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ProQuest-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2006" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Jefferson (February 24, 2006). "iRobot's Dyer missions multiplying for PackBot". <i>Aerospace Daily & Defense Report</i>. <b>217</b> (36): 1. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/231479855">231479855</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/PackBot" class="extiw external" title="commons:PackBot"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">PackBot</span></a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.howstuffworks.com/military-robot3.htm">Howstuffworks' website about the PackBot</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endeavorrobotics.com">Website of Endeavor Robotics, the manufacturer of the PackBot</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105163417/http://www.endeavorrobotics.com/">Archived</a> 2016-11-05 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endeavorrobotics.com/products#510-packbot">PackBot details in manufacturer website.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701143116/http://endeavorrobotics.com/products#510-packbot">Archived</a> 2019-07-01 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="iRobot40" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="iRobot40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="IRobot" title="IRobot">iRobot</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roomba" title="Roomba">Roomba</a></li>

<li><a href="Braava" class="mw-redirect" title="Braava">Braava</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Create" title="IRobot Create">Create</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former and discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Scooba_(brand)" title="Scooba (brand)">Scooba</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Warrior" title="IRobot Warrior">Warrior</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Seaglider" class="mw-redirect" title="IRobot Seaglider">Seaglider</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_R-Gator" class="mw-redirect" title="IRobot R-Gator">R-Gator</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Ranger" title="IRobot Ranger">Ranger</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Negotiator" title="IRobot Negotiator">Negotiator</a></li>

<li><a href="IRobot_Transphibian" title="IRobot Transphibian">Transphibian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-21" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=PackBot&oldid=1301652271">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>